Although the original full version has 42 items, there is also a shorter version known as DASS‑21. The DASS‑21 contains 21 items and is used when time is limited. Importantly, scores from the DASS‑21 are doubled for comparison with the full DASS‑42. The DASS is available as a public domain instrument; its questionnaire and manual can be downloaded at no cost from the official UNSW DASS website.
Measures autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, and situational anxiety. Stress Scale: DASS-127
: It assesses symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4-point Likert scale. It is in the public domain and available from the University of New South Wales (UNSW) 2. Ram Dass Citation (Page 127) In social science or literature papers, " " often refers to a specific citation from the book How Can I Help? and Paul Gorman. The University of Texas at Austin Although the original full version has 42 items,